This outbreak marked the first time the malarial drug hydroxychloroquine was studied for flu prevention the trial found it was not effective. Although an effective vaccine was developed, it came about fairly late, after the peak of illness. Modeling puts the true number between 123,000 and 203,000, with the vast majority of deaths occurring in people under age 65 and in countries in the Americas. By the end of the declaration, a little over a year later in August 2010, the WHO had confirmed over 18,000 global deaths related to the pandemic. One month after its detection in the U.S., H1N1 had mushroomed into 13,000 cases across 46 countries, thought to be accelerated by airline travel by infected passengers. Both patients recovered, but the virus showed resistance to two antiviral drugs, and by the end of that same month, the WHO declared the first PHEIC since the formation of the IHR. In this case, the virus was found to be a novel genetic remix of both swine and human flu viruses, although neither child had direct contact with pigs. Viral transmission from animals like pigs and birds to people isn’t unheard of, but when the same strain can then transmit from person to person, that’s a problem (case in point: COVID-19). In April 2009, two kids in San Diego contracted a new strain of Influenza A this particular H1N1 flu strain made the jump from pigs to humans in Mexico. Keep reading to learn more about other PHEICs that have occurred over the past decade and a half. Although PHEICs may run the gamut from infectious disease to chemical or radioactive materials, all declarations of emergency since 2007 have been for viral diseases. International Health Regulations (IHR), implemented by the WHO in 2007, is a legally binding agreement of 194 countries to help prevent and take measures to curb “extraordinary” public health risks with the potential for international spread. In July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current monkeypox outbreak a “public health emergency of extraordinary concern,” or PHEIC-the seventh time the WHO has made the designation in the last 15 years.
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